CONVERSATION

Comparing Working Conditions Between Indonesia and Germany

Two business people Bonar from Indonesia and Charles from Germanymeet by chance in Hotel Danau Toba Medan - Indonesia.They get into conversation and begin to compare working conditions in their countries.

dedi                 : “Hi, good morning.”

poltak              : “Good morning.”

dedi                 : “ My name is Bonar, I’m Indonesian.Nice to meet you.”

poltak              : “My name is Charles. Nice to meet you too.”

dedi            : “I have paid attention to you for last minutes. Where do you come from? Do you have breakfast alone ?”

potak               : “Sure?? I am from Germany. Yeah, I’m alone. Take a seat please.”

dedi                 : “Thank you. Do you come here for working or holiday?”

poltak             : “I’m here for holiday. I want to leave my activities as a businessman in Germany for a while.”

dedi                 : “How long you stay here, Charles ?”

poltak              : “I have been here for 2 week. Do you live among here?”

dedi                 : “Oh.. I live In Jakarta. I’m stay in this hotel to attend a conference for 2 days. Do you know Jakarta?”

poltak              : “Oh, great. Of course, last year I spent my holiday in Jakarta. May I know what conference you attended?”

dedi                 : “The conference discuss about working conditionsin Indonesia, such as job security, wages or salaries, promotions, deletion working, job benefits, etc. I’m also a businessman. I have a company. I’m interested to expand my business abroad. Would you tell me about labor insentive in your country?”

poltak        : “Certainly,I will tell you about job security in Germany. Many employees have indefinite contract which, whilst not guaranteeing a job for life, make it very difficult for employer to terminate a contract. How about Indonesia?”

dedi           : “Typically, government jobs, and jobs in education, healthcare, and law enforcement are very secure while private sector jobs are generally offer lower job security and it usually varies by industry, work location, occupation and other factors.

poltak           :“I agree. How about wages or salaries?”

dedi            : “In Indonesia there is a different wages or salaries between manufacturing company, banking sector, government institution, garment, textile industriy, etc. However there is a minimum wage,  we called it ‘UMK” and ‘UMP’.”

poltak           : “What is that? Would you explain for me?”

dedi              : “Certainly. UMK is minimum wage in a district and UMP is minimum wage in province. UMK is lower than UMP. The establishment of UMK or UMP is based on regional which are concern about living cost, economic growth, company, etc.” In Jakarta UMP is about 2.2 million rupiahs. How about your country?”

poltak       : “Salaries in Germany are among the highest in the world. Most jobs for graduates start from EUR 30,000/year. In Germany, there is a policy which is called “Minijob EUR 400”. Employers who employ workers with salaries about EUR 400, not must to give workers insurance.”

dedi                 :“I’ve ever heard that in Europe especially Germany that unemployment people are given an allowance.”

poltak              : “Yeah,, it is true.”Government gives allowances for unemployment about EUR 345.”

dedi                : “ Really?? Is it really happen?”.

poltak              : “Of course. Last years ago, my friend received the allowance.”

dedi                 : “Oh, how lucky you are who are living in Germany. Hahahahahaa”  (Laughing).

poltak              : “I think so. Hahahahaha” (Also laughing)

dedi                 : “How about job benefits ?”

poltak              : “Companies offer job benefits based on ability of companies and performance of employee. For example allowance, healthcare, insurance, bonuses, etc.”

dedi                 : “I think companies in Indonesia do the same thing like in Germany. Many employers pay 13th and 14th monthly payment a year. “

poltak              : “That’s right. I agree with you.”

dedi                 : “There is also religion allowances, we call it “Tunjangan Hari Raya”. Beside job benefits, companies also offer job promotion for employees who have good performance.”

poltak              : “That’s right. I agree with you. Job promotion is carrier development of employees.”

dedi                 : “One of important thing if talk about working is deletion working. When we decide to work in a company, we also must prepare if the company do deletion working.”

poltak              : “Of course. The proportion of workforce on indefinite contract has fallen across Europe in response to increas competion and globalization. Companies may dismiss an employee just before he reaches the two years mark and re-hire again.”

dedi                 : “In 1997-1998, many companies dismiss many employees because economy cirisis.”

poltak              : “Yeah,, we’ve also faced the situation.”

dedi                 : “This is a very long and awesome discussion. We can share each other.”

poltak              : “So do I. I’m very happy talk to you.”

dedi                 : “I have to attend the conference again.Can I get your email or facebook if I want to share with you again?”

poltak              : “Of course. Here it is (give a note to Bonar). I’ll wait yours.”

dedi                 : “See you again next time. Bye.”

poltak              : “Bye.”

THE BANKING SECTOR IN INDONESIA

The Banking Sector in Indonesia

In Indonesia, there are two types of banks i.e. Central Bank and Commercial Bank. Indonesia's Central Bank is Bank Indonesia, which is an institution / agency responsible for maintaining economic stability / monetary policy in a country. Central Bank to keep inflation under control and always be at the fixed lowest value or the optimum position for the economy (low / zero inflation), by controlling the balance of the amount of money and goods. Commercial Bank is a financial institution offering a variety of services for money products and services to the public with such a function to raise funds directly from the public in a variety of forms, giving credit to the people who need loans, buying and selling foreign currency / exchange, sell insurance, current accounts, services checks, valuables receiving care, and etc. Commercial banks are for profit / commercial.

According to Law No. 10 of 1998 dated 10 November 1998 about the banks, it can be concluded that the banking business comprises three activities: collecting funds, distributing funds and providing other banking services. Beginning in the 1980s the number of private banks was growing rapidly, so bring Indonesia's growing economy. The banking sector has a big in mobilizing public funds for various purposes. Previously, the banking sector was just a facilitator of government activities and some large companies, and has now turned into a very influential sector of the economy.

Achievement Indonesia's banking sector is due to monetary policy being closely watched by governments and central banks, overall coordination, as well as reform and business strategy. Under the supervision of BI, the banking sector refining management and monitoring system, as well as continue to improve standardization and operational. In addition, the banking sector also focused professionalism of management and prioritizing increased efficiency. Another factor, the banking industry has always revolved around the development of the national economy, so the support to national development also brings considerable profits. For example, banks support the development of infrastructure such as electricity, traffic, irrigation and telecommunication, and give credit

Another key factor is the pro-UKM loans. The banking sector followed a strategy of channeling capital to UKM, thus creating more jobs and helping the government reduceunemployment and poverty. BI argues, the banking system is now more perfect and more able to deal with the risk. The threat of inflation has also been dealt with effectively.

The conditions of banking sector in Indonesia is improving despite the global financial crisis pressures increasingly. This is evident from the reduction in liquidity crunch and the growth of total bank credit. Indonesia's economy is still experiencing ups and downs, the government deregulation and de-bureaucratization run gradually in the financial sector and the economy. One purpose of the policy of deregulation and de-bureaucratization is an attempt to build a healthy banking system, and efficient. The impact of over-regulated the banking system is stagnant conditions and the loss of banking initiatives. It is encouraging BI to modernize the banking deregulation of banking in accordance with the demands of the customers, business, and economic life cyle.

WAWASAN NUSANTARA

wawasan nusantara

Pendahuluan

Dengan memanjatkan puji syukur ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas segala limpahan rahmat dan karunia-Nya kepada penulis sehingga dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini yang
Penulis menyadari bahwa didalam pembuatan makalah ini berkat bantuan dan tuntunan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dan tidak lepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak untuk itu dalam kesempatan ini penulis menghaturkan rasa hormat dan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada semua pihak yang membantu dalam pembuatan makalah ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam proses penulisan makalah ini masih dari jauh dari kesempurnaan baik materi maupun cara penulisannya. Namun demikian, penulis telah berupaya dengan segala kemampuan dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki sehingga dapat selesai dengan baik dan oleh karenanya, penulis dengan rendah hati dan dengan tangan terbuka menerima masukan,saran dan usul guna penyempurnaan makalah ini.
Penulis berharap semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi seluruh pembaca.

ANEKA RAGAM WAWASAN NUSANTARA di INDONESIA

Sebelum membahas tentang aneka ragam wawasan nusantara di Indonesia sebaiknya kita mengetahui apa itu Wawasan Nusantara? Wawasan nusantara terdiri dari kata “wawasan”, “nusa”, dan ”antara“. Deri kata – kata tersebut dapat diartikan wawasan yang artinya pandangan. Nusa dapat diartikan sebagai negara kepulauan, yang didominasikan banyaknya pulau-pulau. Sedangkan antara diartikan sebagai pembatas. Jadi wawasan nusantara dapat diartikan sebagai negara kepulauan yang dibatasi oleh dua benua besar dan dua samudera.

Banyak pandangan tentang wawasan nusantara, secara terminology wawasan nusantara adalah cara pandang masyarakat Indonesia tentang keadaan lingkungan negara Indonesia sesuai dengan ideologi nasional (pancasila) dan UUD 1945 . Adapun UU yang mengatur tentang wawasan nusantara yang ada di Indonesia. Salah satunya UU no 6 tahun 1996 yang berisi tentang perairan Indonesia.

Ada berapa aspek yang mempengaruhi wawasan nusantara yang ada di negara kita Indonesia, salah satunya adalah pengaruh geografi. Kenapa pengaruh geografi dapat mempengaruhi wawasan nusantara? Karena dengan adanya geografi kita dapat mengetahui fenomena fisik dan kita juga dapat menggetahui beraneka ragam kebudayaa, suku bangsa negara Indonesia.

Implementasi Wawasan Nusantara

Implementasi Wawasan Nusantara adalah bagaimana cara pemerintah berorientasi pada kepentingan rakyat dan pada upaya integrasi wilayah tanah air secara utuh dan menyeluruh. Ada beberapa bidang yang dibuat untuk mengatur implementasi wawasan nusantara. Berikut bidang – bidang yang mengatur implementasi wawasan nusantara:

Dalam bidang politik : Membahas tentang upaya menciptakan iklim yang sehat dan dinamis dalam wujud pemerimtahan. Dalam bidang ekonomi : Membahas tentang upaya menciptakan ekonomi nasional menjamin pemenuhan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat secara adil dan merata.

Dalam bidang sosial budaya : Membahas tentang upaya membangun sikap batin yang dapat mengakui, menerima dan menghormati perbedaan yang ada antara yang satu dengan yang lainnya, sebagai wujud terciptanya suasana kehidupan bangsa yang harmonis, rukun dan bersatu dalam keberagaman.

Dalam bidang hankam : Membahas tentang upaya kesadaran cinta tanah air dan bangsa, sikap bela negara pada setiap bangsa Indonesia dalam arti yang seluas-luasnya.

ketahanan nasional adalah kondisi dinamika, yaitu suatu bangsa yang berisi keuletan dan ketangguhan yang mampu mengembangkan ketahanan, Kekuatan nasional dalam menghadapi dan mengatasi segala tantangan, hambatan dan ancaman baik yang datang dari dalam maupun dari luar. Juga secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung yang dapat membahayakan integritas, identitas serta kelangsungan hidup bangsa dan negara.

 Pengertian Ketahanan Nasional
Ketahanan nasional sebagai istilah sebenarnya belum lama dikenal. Istilah ketahanan nasional mulai dikenal dan dipergunakan pada permulaan tahun 1960-an. Istilah ketahanan nasional untuk pertama kali dikemukakan oleh Presiden Pertama Republik Indonesia. Kemudian pada tahun 1962 mulai diupayakan secara khusus untuk mengembangkan gagasan ketahanan nasional di sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan darat Bandung(Armawi,2005:2)

Pengertian Ketahanan Nasional adalah suatu kondisi dinamis suatu bangsa, yang berisi keuletan dan ketangguhan, yang mengandung kemampuan mengembangkan kekuatan nasional dalam menghadapi dan mengatasi segala ancaman, gangguan, hambatan dan tantangan, baik yang datang dari luar maupun dari dalam negeri, yang langsung maupun tidak langsung membahayakan integritas, identitas, kelangsungan hidup bangsa dan negara serta perjuangan dalam mengejar tujuan nasional indonesia(Suradinata,2005:47)

Perkembangan Ketahanan Nasional
Istilah ketahanan nasional sudah dikenal diseluruh Indonesia. Dapat dikatakan bahwa istilah itu telah menjadi milik nasianal. Ketahanan Nasional baru dikenal sejak permulaan tahun 60 an. Pada saat itu istilah itu belum diberi devenisi tertentu. Disamping itu belum pula disusun konsepsi yang lengkap menyeluruh tentang ketahanan nasional. Istilah ketahanan nasional pada waktu itu dipakai dalam rangka pembahasan masalah pembinaan teritorial atau masalah pertahanan keamanan pada umumnya.
Sejak Lemhanas didirikan pada tahun 1965, maka masalah ketahanan nasional selalu memperoleh perhatian yang besar.
Sejak mulai dengan membahas masalah ketahanan nasional sampai sekarang, telah dihasilkan tiga konsepsi.Pengertian atau devenisi pertama Lemhanas, yang disebut dalam konsep 1968 adalah sebagai berikut :
Ketahanan nasional adalah keuletan dan daya tahan kita dalam menghadapi segala kekuatan baik yang datang dari luar maupun dari dalam yang langsung maupun tidak langsung membahayakan kelangsungan hidup Negara dan bangsa Indonesia.
Pengertian kedua dari Lemhanas yang disebut dalam ketahanan nasional konsepsi tahun 1969 merupakan penyempurnaan yaitu :
Ketahanan nasional adalah keuletan dan daya tahan suatu bangsa yang mengandung kemampuan untuk memperkembangkan kekuatan nasional dalam menghadapi segala ancaman yang datang dari luar atau yang datang dari luar.

yusron amri

Sumber: http://iswamine.blogspot.com/2010/06/makalah-ketahanan-nasional.html

http://harmbati.wordpress.com/2011/05/18/ketahanan-nasional-indonesia/

http://ukiehary.wordpress.com/2011/05/01/ketahanan-nasional/

http://lianafransisca.blogspot.com/2012/06/pengaruh-aspek-ketahanan-nasional-dalam.html